Activity theory Essay

Cognitive changes on that point are several changes that occur with aging, unity of which is cognitive slowing. The slowing that occurs in all in all cognitive tasks where speed of response is a component is considered the most pervasive cognitive change in developingal aging. The equiprobable locus of slowing is in the pro prove nervous system (Bob & McCallum, 1998). Pigment lipofuscin builds up in the brain during old bestride and it gradually results in brain degeneration. The develop brain weighs less, the lateral ventricles tend to be dilated, and the ribbon of cortical tissue is contract (Hurlock, 1986).Such degeneration is held accountable for a step-down in the brains capacity to function. But the averold duration somebodys intelligence is not possible to be seriously impaired onwards age 70 or 75 (Peterson, 1989). With good physical and mental health, qualified educational levels, and intellectual stimulation, it appears that there is not as a great free fall in intellectual abilities with age as previously thought, especially in the 60 to 75 age group. steamy changes Emotional changes over the adult life dyad are a topic of abundant importance for psychotherapists working with aged adults.At the psychological level, the older adults are more difficult to arouse but besides have more difficulty returning(a) to a state of calm at one time aroused (Woodruff, 1985). The accumulation of experiences leads to more colonial and less extreme emotional experiences in later life. A review of research, using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory with older adults, noted that older adults were lower on scales associated with anger, impulsivity, and confusion and argued that spate whitethorn pay back less impulsive with maturity (Gynther, 1979, in Bob & McCallum, 1998).It was concluded that as a whole, emotionality in older adults may be both more analyzable and subtler than that of younger adults. Theories on Aging Attempts to recognize and explain the lives and activities of those who appear to age successfully have led to the different fundamental law of theories on aging. There are fourmain theories (a) breakup theory It is based on the caprice that as muckle age they progressively withdraw from social, physical, and emotional fundamental interaction with the world.As they gradually disengage themselves, the society in addition withdraws from its engagement with the aging person (b) act theory It stresses that older tidy sum should delay active as long as they possibly can. When certain activities and associations must be given up (for example, employment), substitutes should be found because life satisfaction is highly subject upon continued social, emotional, and physical involvement.In a positive environment older people generally moved toward activity and intimate contacts, rather than disengagement (butler, Lewis & Sunderland, 1998). (c) Socioenvironmental theory This cost is based on the understanding that people respond to the social meaning of events. twain factors that affect the meaning old people place on events-and thus their interaction patterns-are the physical proximity of other persons and the age homogeneity of an environment (Gubrium, 1973, 1975, cited in Butler et al. , 1973).(d) Developmental theory Erickson (1963) and Peck (1997) indicate a theory that describes human development in terms of progression done a series of stages. Old age is a stage of life in which the individual must try to counterbalance the search for ego integrity with a sense of despair. Out of this conflict emerges wiseness the human virtue most normally associated with old age. The negative emotions associated with this stage, are in part a result of the limitations of a persons physical and psychological energy (Butler, Lewis, & Sunderland, 1991).(e) Biological or medical exam sight. Moberg (2002) further elaborates this physical and psychological decline and its eff ect on the elderly. highlight aging from the biological/medical perspective of physical decline along with losses of friends, employment, mobility, income, and so forth, has contributed to a pervasive negativism among biosocial scientists that is evident in their different style of talking to (hardly with) elderly persons, avoidance of pitiable seniors, and other indications of ageism.Opportunities for service are withdraw from many who are retired, even in churches that use the Bible with its high place for elders, so disengagement theory becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. Time spent in seclusion and meditation can be wholesome, unconnected to assumptions of Activity theory that alone(p) outer(a) activities are worthwhile, for being alone is not the same as being lonely