OCR Psychology Assignment Essay

The cla function Fashion companys shock tactics in the fight against sizing zero appeared on the Daily Mails Website on Tuesday, September 25th 2007.1. AssumptionsThe firstborn mental confidence is that the use of shock tactics by stylus of an image portraying a naked anorexic woman provide jolt the direction effort into action over the problem of anorexia. The article suggests that the use of strong fear apostrophize give be liberal to provoke deportmental change and an awareness of the illness. A fear appeal is a technique used to persuade an audience into behaving in a particular way by aro development a fear of the consequences of not succeeding(a) the message given. The effect of fear appeals was studied by Janis and Feshback (1953).The second psychological assumption is that the fashion diligence and the obsession with stick- hack size zero models is to knock for the increase in cases of anorexia. The article wherefore suggests that plurality outside of the fas hion industry perhaps idolise models who appear to be rewarded with fame and fortune for being stick-thin. It assumes people imitate these models behaviour in the hope of being comparable them. Research into vicarious learning was conducted by Bandura (1965) who consequently formed the kind learning theory.The trey psychological assumption relates to the billboard designers decision to use a picture of a fe young-begetting(prenominal) anorexic and presumes that the majority, if not all, of anorexic sufferers are female. A deliberate that explored the prevalence of anorexia among males and females was performed by Kjels et al (2003).2. expressEvidence opposing the first assumption was conducted by Janis and Feshback (1953), who studied the motivational effect of fear arousal in health forward motion communication. The intact freshman class of a Connecticut high school was separate into 4 roots, 3 of which were given 15-minute lectures on tooth decay and oral hygiene, macul ation the fourth acted as the control group. Each lecture had a distinct strength of fear appeal, and results showed that although strong fear resulted in greater adjacent anxiety, the minimal fear group showed the largest changes in behaviour. The minimal fear group showed 36% behaviour change, whereas strong fear only showed 8%. This consequently opposes the view of the article that the image of the naked anorexic woman get out cause the fashion industry to take action against the illness and, although it will have some effect, a minimal fear approach would be most successful.Evidence that supports the second assumption was provided by Albert Bandura (1965). Bandura showed three groups of children tapes of a man being aggressive towards a doll. The first group saying the man being rewarded for his actions, the second saw him being punished and the third were not shown any consequences. The children were then placed in a manner with a similar doll and observed. Results of the study showed that children were significantly more presumable to imitate aggressive behaviour when they had observed the model being rewarded. Bandura label this imitation vicarious leaning.This forms part of the social learning theory suggesting that behaviour is learnt through observation and imitation. This supports the second assumption as people sight models within the fashion industry witness them being rewarded for being thin with fame and fortune, and subsequently imitate their behaviour in order to gain the same(p) rewards. They try to be as thin as the models by famished themselves and consequently become anorexic, as the article would suggest.The evidence that challenges the third assumption is given by Kjelss et al. They studied 1026 female and 934 male adolescents using DSM-IV and DSM-III-R criteria to establish the prevalence of have disorders in both genders. Each participant was asked to complete a questionnaire, and results showed that while 17.9% of female p articipants had suffered anorexia at some repoint in their lifetime, 6.5% of males had also. The study concludes that although prevalence of anorexia nervosa is higher in females, males are also susceptible to the illness. The image of the female anorexic on the billboard therefore does atomic to raise awareness of the illness among men and perpetuates the sort out that eating disorders are a female disease.3. ApplicationsIn relation to the first assumption, Janis and Feshback would reason out that instead of using shock tactics a more potent way of bringing about a change within the industry would be to provide people with breeding on the disease, and preventative measures. Leaflets and posters containing this information could be distributed to people within the industry itself, and perhaps to the public in order to provide awareness to the majority. This may however have little effect, as there is no guarantee that the information would be listened to by an industry out to gain profit.Banduras theory and study suggests that people learn anorexic behaviour from seeing underweight models in the media. Therefore, in relation to the second assumption, the quash of anorexic cases could be decreased by ensuring that no model within the fashion industry is below authorized measurements for example, by preventing the use of size zero models. If people are exposed to healthier-looking models, people may develop healthier eating habits. This however assumes that size 0 models are ill, and could be embraced as discrimination against fit individuals. There may be resistance against this motion from the fashion industry and models themselves.In relation to the third assumption, Kjelss et als study suggests that males are also susceptible to anorexia. Therefore people need to be made aware of this to increase the perceived susceptibility, especially in males. health promotion could include information on male anorexia, and contain pictures of male sufferers w ho are willing to share their stories. If awareness of anorexia in males is raised and the stereotype of it being a typically female disease scrapped, then the number of males who seek help will increase. However if males do not perceive themselves susceptible they are unlikely to choose to read the health promotion in the first place as they believe it to be a female disease.